Generally, topographic features regulate surface water quality variables. Watershed planners can take guidance on scenario analysis to introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants. Regional industrial development mainly depended on the radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages. Based on the regional characteristics of the developed oasis agriculture in the Hexi Corridor and the current the research results, 18 industrial sectors were selected for research according to the Industry Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2017) (, Dominant flow analysis is vital for studying the correlation axis and regional spatial structure [, The gravity model is a standard method to measure the intercity economic connection [, Social network analysis is widely used in studying complex network relationships in economics and geography. Closeness centrality (CC) measures the proximity of a citys contact distance. 4. Figure 2. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. Ye et al (2009) found that topographic characteristics in the Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region explained 26% variations in water quality [18]. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. Yes. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Mountainous areas tend to have more extreme weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture. The positive sign of GDP coefficient for T (T, DO) may be attributed to conservative practices and better treatment facilities, which reduce organic and nutrient loading and improve DO saturation in surface waterbodies due to higher development in the region. RIS. While they all share mountains as a basic geographic characteristic, they also have differences. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Its location was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the east and the Alps to the extreme north. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. ; Zhang, X. Air expands as it rises, and the fewer gas moleculesincluding nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxidehave fewer chances to bump into each other. For example, air is forced to rise over mountains. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their generous feedback that improved the quality of this paper. Water Quality Index Application to Evaluate the Ground Water Quality in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq, The analysis of correlation between Regimes River coefficient and runoff coefficient (Case study in catchment areas of sidutan and reak), Analysis of long-term trends (19502009) in precipitation, runoff and runoff coefficient in major urban watersheds in the United States, On-line water quality inspection system: the role of the wireless sensory network, Comparative analysis of weighted arithmetic and CCME Water Quality Index estimation methods, accuracy and representation, Forested lands dominate drinking water supply in the conterminous United States, Imaging Geophysicist / Scientist - 2023 Graduate Programme, Senior Scientist as Specialist (f/m/d) for Computing in the Institute for Accelerator Physics, Positions in Clean Water, Biodiversity and Environment (I4WORLD), Copyright 2023 IOP Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. Its no coincidence that the poorest countries are in the Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. Liu, W.; Cao, Y.; Wu, W.; Guo, J. Spatial impact analysis of trans-Yangtze highway fixed links: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. Xie, X.; Shi, P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. Firstly, we introduce an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)) to characterize the response of typical water quality parameters to air temperature and precipitations (or their relationships). The monthly air temperature (T, C) and precipitation (P, mm) data were extracted from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) [30, 31]. When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. Thirdly, we analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. ; Liu, Y.-F.; Xu, S. Urban connection and function analysis of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based on multi-dimensional urban factor flow. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. The important geographical factors on the social and political development of Greece are the seas and mountains. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly Climatic Factors Affecting Farming. GDP has a negative coefficient for P (P, NO2-F), which may be a consequence of precision farming in the locality, which decreases the amount of NO2-F swept to surface waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [, Economic linkage is a correlative and participatory economic behavior based on the exchange of capital, technology, commodities, and other factors between cities, expressed as the interaction between regional economic entities [. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. ; Shi, P.-J. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). ; Lv, R.; Zhang, X.-B. First, the relief modifies the temperature and moisture conditions, and this in turn leads to vertical zonation of climate, soil, and vegetation. Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! Before we look into the economic, political and social developments, it is important to understand Ancient Greek geography. The temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. The question takes place from the time of Ancient Greece." The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. Economic factors such as subsidies, commodity prices, labour and immigration laws, cost of land, transport, capital and markets, etc. Wang, H.-H.; Zhai, L.-J. The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. prior to publication. progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. Sun, Q.; Tang, F.; Tang, Y. How does topography affect human life? There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. Climate 4. Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! Spatial and temporal evolution of economic links between Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration based on the accessibility. The urban flow intensity model was used to analyze the outward function of industrial sectors in the urban agglomeration in 2020 (, According to the structural decomposition of the urban flow intensity of specific cities (, The dominant flow method is used to analyze the intensity of the urban flow of the three industries in each city, identify the industrial core backbone connection axis, and obtain the three industries first, second, third, and fourth most dominant flow directions (. Runoff coefficients for different Koppen climatic conditions were obtained from Chiew et als studies [27]. Klages-Mundt, A.; Minca, A. Optimal intervention in economic networks using influence maximization methods. The regional competitive advantages and potential of cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities are relatively strong. Women in Athens were on the bottom rung of the social ladder and were not considered citizens. Topography is the relief of an area. The results implied that watersheds with lower runoff coefficient, thick population density, over fertilization and manure application face a higher risk of instability. Geography plays a significant role in economic development. Thessaly has warm, dry plains and lower mountain ranges. ; software, X.X. Latitude. Wind and air masses. Lett. Catchment land use is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [16]. The mean slope has a positive coefficient for T (T, NOx-F). Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. Number 10 Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. There is a relationship between latitude and temperature around the world, as temperatures are typically warmer approaching the Equator and cooler approaching the Poles. how people tried to overcome geographical features and provide for themselves and Revisions:1 Citation Afed U Khan et al 2017 Environ. Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. It limited the population because agricultural output was so low. How does topography affect population distribution? Lv, R.; Shi, P.-J. The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. This created regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. These two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which is its main limitation. Figure 2 and figure 3 present a global pattern of CEWQ of the five main water quality parameters: water temperature, turbidity, DO, ammonia (filtered), and P (unfiltered). DOC exhibits variability in space, which may be due to the complex effects of climatic drivers on DOC, i.e. Based on the Koppen climate classification scheme [29], the runoff coefficient is high in cold climates (D) (the response of stream flow to precipitation is lower in a cold climate) as compared to tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates [27]. GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. 2. The limitation is especially appare On the other hand, it is connected with the neighboring Jinchang City in terms of material exchange at the level of production and consumption, connecting the belt industrial connection path as a network. A water pollution control plan should be designed based on both the primary and secondary factors that cause the instability of precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters. Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. tectonic uplift, fluvial erosion and deposition, mass wasting, volcanic activity and glaciation. Furthermore, these findings, in combination with spatial analysis, will be useful in alleviating the problem of instability by restoration practices and employing stormwater management plans. 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